A root canal, or endodontic treatment, is a procedure that saves a damaged or infected tooth instead of removing it. The name comes from cleaning the canals inside the tooth’s root, where dental pulp is located. A tooth can have up to four canals containing soft tissue, nerves, and blood vessels.
During a root canal, the damaged or infected pulp is removed, and the space is cleaned and sealed. The visible part of the tooth above the gum line is called the crown, while the roots extend below the gum line into the jawbone. The dental pulp nourishes the tooth and contains nerves that register pain from hot and cold temperatures.
Infections can occur when bacteria enter through cracks, chips, or deep cavities, leading to serious complications if untreated, including pulp death and tooth loss.
Root canals are typically painless and have a success rate of over 95%, with about 90% of treated teeth lasting up to 10 years. In Malaysia, around 7% of adults have had a root canal, making it a common and necessary procedure.
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